The transfer that starts at ten in the evening in Riyadh
Rafiq finishes his shift at a construction site outside Riyadh at nine-thirty in the evening. He has been in Saudi Arabia for four years. He sends money home to his wife and three children in Sylhet every month — the first of the month, without exception, because that is the date the rent is due and the children expect to hear from him on video call the same night. He opens his banking app and initiates the transfer. The confirmation message tells him processing will happen on the next business day. Arrival in Dhaka: two to three working days. The first of the month will pass without the money.
Rafiq is not exceptional. He is one of more than five million Bangladeshis working across Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, and Bahrain — a labour migration so large and so consistent that the remittances it generates are a structural pillar of the Bangladeshi economy, not a supplement to it.
Five million workers, one of the world's largest labour corridors
Bangladesh received USD 26.9 billion in remittances in FY2024-25 — one of the largest totals in the world relative to the size of the economy, and a number that reflects the extraordinary scale of Bangladeshi labour migration across the Gulf and beyond (Bangladesh Bank, 2025). The Gulf alone accounts for approximately 46.5% of total inflows: the UAE contributed USD 4.63 billion; Saudi Arabia contributed USD 3.05 billion in the same period (Bangladesh Bank, 2024).
The workers generating those inflows are spread across every sector of Gulf economic life: construction, hospitality, domestic work, logistics, manufacturing. Many are on contracts that specify fixed remittance schedules. Many are sending to families in Dhaka, Sylhet, Chittagong, or Rajshahi that have no other reliable source of household income. For those families, the arrival of the monthly transfer is not a financial transaction — it is the household budget arriving.
Bangladesh received USD 26.9 billion in remittances in FY2024-25. The UAE and Saudi Arabia alone contributed USD 7.68 billion — more than 28% of the total. Remittance inflows represent approximately 6% of Bangladesh's GDP and consistently outpace foreign direct investment into the country.
— Bangladesh Bank, 2024–2025; World Bank, 2025
What the corridor costs — and where the gap remains
South Asia is the cheapest remittance-receiving region in the world, averaging 4.80% on a USD 200 send in Q1 2025 (World Bank, Remittance Prices Worldwide Issue 53, 2025). That competitive average reflects the volume of flows, the density of digital providers competing for the corridor, and the relative efficiency of the Indian and Bangladeshi banking systems in receiving international transfers. It is a genuine improvement on where the corridor stood a decade ago.
The improvement has limits. At 4.80%, a send equivalent to BDT 50,000 per month loses more than BDT 2,400 to fees and exchange-rate margin before it arrives. The margin in the exchange rate is the hidden part: the quoted transfer fee may appear low; the rate offered for AED-to-BDT or SAR-to-BDT conversion is often where the remaining cost is recovered. Traditional banks, which average 9.50% across all international sends (World Bank, Remittance Prices Worldwide Issue 53, 2025), are the worst case — but even many digital providers operate with a visible fee plus an undisclosed rate margin that neither party can verify independently.
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